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Artwork: Yayoi Kusama, Dots Obsession, 1998, Collection les Abattoirs, Toulouse, France; ©Yayoi Kusama. Courtesy of David Zwirner, Victoria Miro Gallery, Ota Fine Arts, KUSAMA Enterprise   

In America, corporate performance has been deteriorating for decades. According to Deloitte’s landmark study “The Shift Index,” the aggregate return on assets of U.S. public companies has fallen below 1%, to about a quarter of its 1965 level. As market power has moved from companies to consumers, and global competition has intensified, managers in almost all industries have come to face steep performance challenges. To turn things around, they need to be more creative in developing and executing their competitive strategies. But long-term success will not be achieved through competitiveness alone. Increasingly, it will depend on the ability to generate new demand and create and capture new markets.

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A version of this article appeared in the March 2015 issue of Harvard Business Review.

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